中国拿下全球低端芯片40%产能，专家哀嚎，美国关税成笑话

Core Insights - The article highlights the alarming dependence of the U.S. military on low-end chips manufactured in China, which poses a significant threat to national defense capabilities [1][11] - It emphasizes the rapid rise of China's low-end chip production, capturing 40% of global capacity, and the potential implications for U.S. defense systems [1][5] Group 1: U.S. Military Dependence - Key military equipment such as the F-16 fighter jet and Patriot missile systems rely heavily on low-end chips from China [1][11] - The U.S. has overlooked the critical role of low-end chips in various electronic devices, which are essential for the operation of modern industrial systems [2][11] Group 2: China's Market Position - China's market share for mature process chips has reached 28% and is projected to increase to 39% by 2027, indicating a significant foothold in the semiconductor industry [5] - The competitive edge of Chinese low-end chips is attributed to their cost efficiency, with production costs 37% lower than those of U.S. counterparts [7] Group 3: U.S. Policy Challenges - U.S. strategies to curb China's chip production, such as pressuring ASML to halt exports of advanced lithography machines, are undermined by the U.S.'s own reliance on Chinese low-end chips [6][9] - The imposition of high tariffs on chip products has led to unintended consequences, including the emergence of a "China-made, Vietnam-assembled, U.S.-sold" supply chain [9] Group 4: Industry Implications - The U.S. semiconductor industry faces a "hollowing out" crisis, with domestic manufacturing capabilities below 10% and 80% of chip production reliant on overseas sources [9] - Despite significant investments through the CHIPS and Science Act, the cost of rebuilding domestic manufacturing exceeds that of Taiwan by 48%, with a shortage of over 70,000 engineers [9]