莫迪宁可得罪美国，也要用人民币购买俄罗斯石油，两年来第一次

Core Viewpoint - The decision by Indian state-owned refineries to resume purchasing Russian oil in RMB is not merely a trial but a necessity driven by geopolitical and economic realities, marking a significant shift in global energy trade dynamics [3][18]. Group 1: Geopolitical Context - The ongoing Russia-Ukraine conflict and Western financial sanctions have effectively excluded Russia from mainstream financial systems, making traditional currencies like USD and EUR unusable for Russian oil transactions [6][16]. - India's previous attempts to use RMB for oil purchases were hindered by strained Sino-Indian relations, but private refineries continued to utilize this payment method [8][10]. Group 2: Economic Implications - The price advantage of Russian oil has diminished, with discounts shrinking from $10-20 per barrel in 2022 to just $2-3 by 2025, yet the diversification of payment methods remains crucial for energy security [10][12]. - The shift towards RMB payments is part of a broader trend of "de-dollarization," with over 90% of Sino-Russian trade now conducted in local currencies, indicating a move towards a financial ecosystem less reliant on the USD [12][16]. Group 3: Future Outlook - The issuance of RMB-denominated "panda bonds" by Russian energy companies and the increasing interest from other nations in local currency settlements suggest a growing trend towards financial independence from the USD [14][16]. - The evolving global trade landscape presents opportunities for emerging markets to assert more control over their economic transactions, with RMB internationalization being a key aspect of this shift [16][18].