从光伏到氢能 2025年诺奖暗藏“能源革命”玄机

Group 1: Nobel Prize Highlights - The 2025 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to John Clarke, Michel H. Devoret, and John M. Martinis for their contributions to observing macroscopic quantum tunneling effects and energy quantization in circuits [1] - The 2025 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Shinobu Kitagawa, Richard Robeson, and Omar M. Yaghi for their work in the development of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) [1] Group 2: Quantum Tunneling Effect - Quantum tunneling allows microscopic particles to pass through energy barriers, a phenomenon that can potentially enhance photovoltaic efficiency beyond theoretical limits [2][6] - The recent Nobel Prize in Physics demonstrated that quantum tunneling can be observed at a macroscopic scale, paving the way for advancements in quantum technologies such as quantum cryptography and quantum computing [3][6] - Quantum tunneling is already integral to the photovoltaic industry, particularly in technologies like TOPCon solar cells, which utilize tunneling mechanisms to improve energy conversion efficiency [4][5] Group 3: Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) - MOFs are recognized for their potential in hydrogen storage and energy applications due to their unique porous structures and adjustable adsorption properties [2][6] - Recent research highlighted a MOF material with a hydrogen storage capacity of 6.5% by weight, comparable to high-pressure storage solutions, indicating significant advancements in hydrogen energy storage [7] - The development of scalable MOF electrodes for water electrolysis has shown promise for efficient hydrogen production, with low energy consumption and long operational stability [7]