我们的免疫系统，是如何防止攻击自身的？

Core Insights - The article discusses the role of regulatory T cells in the immune system, highlighting their importance in preventing autoimmune diseases and maintaining immune tolerance [1][5][14] Group 1: Immune System Functionality - The immune system distinguishes between self and non-self cells, with regulatory T cells acting as mediators to suppress overactive immune responses [1][5] - T cells possess unique receptors that allow for the identification of a vast array of pathogens, theoretically generating over 10^15 different T cell receptors [5][7] Group 2: Research Breakthroughs - The Nobel Prize winners identified regulatory T cells as crucial for peripheral immune tolerance, addressing gaps in previous research on immune regulation [7][12] - The discovery of the Foxp3 gene as essential for the development and function of regulatory T cells has significant implications for understanding autoimmune diseases [12][14] Group 3: Medical Implications - Potential new medical treatments based on regulatory T cell mechanisms are currently in clinical trials, targeting cancer therapies and autoimmune disease treatments [14] - Strategies include enhancing regulatory T cell formation to prevent organ transplant rejection and using engineered T cells to modulate immune responses [14]