中俄印稀土储量差距断崖：俄1000万吨，印仅690万吨，中国多少？

Core Insights - Rare earth elements have become essential in the new energy era, being critical for electric vehicle motors, wind turbines, 5G base stations, and military equipment [2][20] - India and Russia face significant challenges in their rare earth industries, primarily due to technological limitations and geopolitical issues, respectively [11][16] Global Rare Earth Supply - As of 2024, global rare earth reserves are approximately 90 million tons, with China holding 44 million tons, accounting for 48.9% of the total [2] - In 2024, global rare earth production is estimated at 390,000 tons, with China producing 270,000 tons, representing nearly 70% of the total output [4] India's Rare Earth Challenges - India has rich rare earth resources, mainly in Andhra Pradesh and Odisha, but faces environmental and technological hurdles in their development [8][10] - The lack of advanced technology and equipment in India results in a reliance on importing processed rare earth products, leading to increased costs and dependency on China [11][14] Russia's Rare Earth Dilemma - Russia's rare earth resources are concentrated in Siberia and the Far East, with reserves estimated at 28.7 million tons [13] - Geopolitical sanctions have severely restricted the development of Russia's rare earth industry, delaying projects and increasing costs [16] China's Competitive Advantage - China's rare earth industry benefits from a complete supply chain established since the 1950s, covering exploration, mining, separation, and application [18] - By 2024, China's rare earth market has reached a scale of hundreds of billions, with major companies supporting domestic electric vehicle and electronic manufacturing [20] Future of Rare Earth Competition - The global competition for rare earth resources is intensifying, with the U.S. and Europe seeking alternatives but facing significant challenges [21] - The future of the rare earth market will be driven by the ability to develop a complete industrial chain and advanced technologies, which China currently leads [21][23]