瑞士再保险：2025年海洋牧场保险守护蓝色经济研究报告

Core Insights - The report by Swiss Re focuses on the development status, risk characteristics, and insurance system construction of marine ranches in China, providing comprehensive references for risk protection in marine ranching [1][2][3]. Group 1: Development Background and Current Status - Marine ranching is a crucial component of the marine economy, integrating ecological protection, resource maintenance, and fishery production. It is defined by the construction of fishery ecosystems through artificial reefs and stock enhancement [1][9]. - The Chinese government has strongly supported marine ranch construction, with 189 national-level marine ranch demonstration zones approved by August 2024. The industry shows regional differences, with northern areas focusing on enhancement and recreational types, while southern areas emphasize maintenance types [1][34]. - The value added from China's marine fisheries is projected to reach 488 billion yuan in 2024, accounting for 11.2% of the main marine industries, indicating a shift from resource extraction to ecological maintenance [1][30]. Group 2: Risk Analysis - Marine ranching faces complex risks categorized into production risks and market/social risks. Significant production risks include meteorological disasters (typhoons, heavy rainfall), marine disasters (storm surges, red tides), and disease risks, with over 43% of product losses attributed to typhoons and floods in the past 20 years [2][46]. - Market risks include price fluctuations and fierce competition, while policy risks have a lower impact. New risks associated with deep-sea farming and the integration of marine ranching with wind power also pose potential threats [2][46]. Group 3: Insurance System - The marine ranch insurance system is evolving, primarily centered around aquaculture insurance, with supplementary coverage for facilities, liability, and natural ecological systems. The core insurance product is aquaculture insurance, which is expected to see significant premium growth in 2024 [3][12]. - The insurance products include traditional compensation types, meteorological index types (over 50% market share), and price index types, with Guangdong, Shandong, and Liaoning provinces accounting for two-thirds of the premium share [3][12]. - The natural ecological system insurance focuses on ecological value protection, with pilot projects in marine carbon sink insurance and mangrove insurance, although overall coverage remains low [3][12]. Group 4: Future Development - By 2030, the aquaculture insurance premium is expected to reach 3 billion yuan under neutral scenarios. The trend indicates that meteorological index insurance will become mainstream due to its objective data and efficient compensation [4][12]. - Strengthening risk management through pre-insurance risk surveys and leveraging big data platforms for comprehensive risk monitoring is essential. Collaboration with veterinary and aquaculture technology institutions is also recommended to explore innovative insurance models [4][12].