李知睿：欧盟关键矿产百亿计划曝光，剑指中国？

Core Insights - The strategic value of critical minerals such as lithium, cobalt, nickel, graphite, and rare earths is increasingly highlighted as essential for achieving carbon neutrality and supporting industries like electric vehicles and renewable energy [1][5]. Group 1: EU's Challenges in Critical Minerals - The EU faces a "triple dilemma" in the critical minerals sector, including high external dependency, weak processing capabilities, and an inadequate recycling system [2][3][4]. - Over 80% of lithium is sourced from Chile and Argentina, while more than 60% of cobalt comes from the Democratic Republic of Congo, and over 90% of rare earth processing relies on China [2]. Group 2: Legislative and Strategic Initiatives - The EU's Critical Raw Materials Act (CRMA), effective from May 2024, aims to enhance domestic mining and processing of critical minerals, marking a significant legislative shift [5][10]. - The first batch of 47 strategic projects, with an investment of approximately €22.5 billion, spans 13 member states and focuses on key minerals for electric vehicles and clean energy [5][20]. Group 3: International Cooperation and Supply Chain Diversification - The EU is expanding its strategic partnerships outside its borders to mitigate reliance on China, with 13 additional projects announced in June 2025 [6][21]. - The EU's strategic projects are designed to enhance supply chain security and reduce dependency on single sources, particularly from China [8][14]. Group 4: Policy Framework and Goals - The CRMA outlines a framework with specific targets for domestic mining, processing, and recycling by 2030, aiming for at least 10% of mining, 40% of processing, and 25% of recycling to be sourced locally [10][11]. - The EU aims to shift from being a passive buyer of raw materials to actively constructing its supply chain, thereby increasing its control over strategic resources [10][11]. Group 5: Geopolitical Implications and Competitive Landscape - The EU's initiatives reflect a broader geopolitical strategy to counterbalance China's dominance in the critical minerals market, particularly in the context of the U.S.-led "de-risking" agenda [14][30]. - The competition for critical minerals is intensifying, with the EU and U.S. collaborating to limit China's influence in resource-rich countries [30][39]. Group 6: Future Trends and Industry Dynamics - The EU's strategic projects are expected to reshape the global governance of critical minerals, promoting a multi-polar supply chain system that includes the EU, U.S., and Japan [28][29]. - The evolving landscape may lead to increased bargaining power for resource-rich developing countries, altering traditional supply chain dynamics [32][33].