中国慢病防控如何发力？IHME所长答21：控高血压，降吸烟率

Core Insights - The University of Washington's IHME director Christopher Murray highlighted that China has the potential to achieve significant breakthroughs in the prevention of hypertension and smoking-related diseases within the next five to ten years through enhanced primary healthcare and strict tobacco control policies [2][3] Group 1: Disease Burden and Prevention Strategies - Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) currently account for nearly two-thirds of global mortality and morbidity, with ischemic heart disease, stroke, and diabetes being the leading causes [2] - Controlling major risk factors such as lowering blood sugar levels and managing high body mass index (BMI) could prevent nearly half of deaths and disabilities [2] Group 2: Focus Areas for China - Addressing hypertension is identified as a high-potential area for disease prevention in China, with effective strategies validated through randomized trials, such as promoting potassium chloride as a partial substitute for sodium chloride [3] - The combination therapy provided through primary healthcare has proven to be very effective in managing hypertension [3] - Smoking is another critical risk factor, with the WHO's MPOWER policy package suggesting measures like increasing tobacco taxes, banning tobacco advertising, and enforcing public smoking bans to effectively reduce smoking rates [3] Group 3: Future Disease Patterns - The future disease landscape in China is expected to be dominated by obesity-related diseases (such as diabetes and chronic kidney disease) as well as diseases related to smoking and hypertension [3] - An often-overlooked issue is falls among the elderly, which can be addressed through effective interventions to alleviate the disease burden in this demographic [3]