诺贝尔经济学奖获得者阿吉翁曾接受一财独家专访

Core Insights - The 2025 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences was awarded to Joel Mokyr, Philippe Aghion, and Peter Howitt for their contributions to understanding innovation-driven economic growth [2] - Mokyr received half of the prize for identifying prerequisites for sustained growth through technological advancement, while Aghion and Howitt shared the other half for their theory on sustained growth through creative destruction [2] Group 1: Contributions to Economic Theory - Aghion is recognized as a leading figure in economic growth theory, having reintroduced Schumpeter's paradigm of creative destruction into mainstream macroeconomic theory through the Aghion-Howitt model [2] - The concept of creative destruction suggests that large-scale innovations replace outdated technologies and production systems, leading to new economic structures [5] Group 2: Policy Recommendations - Aghion emphasized the importance of government support for employees and businesses to adapt to new economic environments, advocating for education, training, and income insurance [5][6] - He highlighted the "Danish model," where individuals losing jobs can receive nearly 90% of their salary for two years, coupled with retraining programs, contrasting it with the lack of such protections in the U.S. [5] Group 3: U.S. Economic Measures - Aghion critiqued the U.S. response to the pandemic, noting that while the Biden administration attempted to provide relief, the absence of a robust social safety net remains a significant issue [7][8] - He suggested that the pandemic may shift public opinion towards more supportive social policies in the U.S., creating opportunities for new social safety measures [8] Group 4: European Innovation Challenges - Aghion pointed out that Europe lacks leading players in the information and communication technology (ICT) sector due to insufficient investment in innovation [9] - He called for European countries to unite and promote large-scale projects, arguing that the current regulatory environment hinders investment and innovation [10]