观点丨刘青：中国式现代化进程中的开放与技术进步

Core Viewpoint - The essence of economic development lies in technological progress and the development of new productive forces, emphasizing that "good openness" should promote technological advancement rather than merely static welfare improvements from resource reallocation [1]. Group 1: Mechanisms of Open Economy Promoting Technological Progress - International trade provides markets for technology and products, facilitating the realization of innovation benefits [2]. - Product trade leads to cross-industry technology spillovers and collaborative innovation, enhancing technological progress in trading countries [2]. - Multinational corporations contribute to technology transfer and spillover effects in host countries through investments and R&D centers [2]. - Increased market competition from economic openness can drive firms to innovate and advance technology [2]. - The flow of international capital and talent can alleviate financing and human capital constraints, enhancing knowledge dissemination and innovation [2]. Group 2: Principles of "Technology Progress-Oriented Openness" - "Technology progress-oriented openness" aims for dynamic and sustainable growth benefits, contrasting with traditional theories that focus on static welfare improvements [4]. - Technological progress can manifest in various dimensions, including efficiency improvements, new product development, and organizational restructuring [5]. - Sources of technological progress include both external (international diffusion, technology transfer) and internal (independent innovation) factors, necessitating a comprehensive approach to openness [5]. - Different countries at various development stages should focus on different aspects of openness to optimize technological progress [6]. - Continuous investment in human capital and R&D is crucial for leveraging external technology sources and fostering independent innovation [6]. Group 3: Balancing Openness and Technological Progress - Institutional mechanisms are needed to incentivize ongoing technological and industrial upgrades, preventing stagnation after initial static gains [7]. - There can be conflicts between expanding openness and promoting domestic technological progress, requiring careful policy design to balance both [7]. - The goal of technological progress is to achieve industrial upgrades and further innovation, rather than self-sufficiency or reduced specialization [8]. Group 4: Current Context and Future Directions - China's economic development has reached a new critical stage, necessitating a focus on seizing opportunities from the current technological revolution [9]. - High-quality development is essential, with new productive forces driven by innovation being a key focus [9]. - The relationship between openness and technological progress must be understood within the context of globalization to effectively promote innovation [10]. - The book "Technology Progress-Oriented Openness" explores the impact of openness on technological progress and new productive forces in the context of China's modernization [11].