建设三峡库区种质“方舟”守护物种多样性

Core Insights - The article emphasizes the importance of safeguarding national germplasm resources for food security and ecological safety, particularly in the Three Gorges Reservoir area, which serves as a strategic gene bank with over 23,000 cultivated plant germplasm resources and 5,000 wild plant species, including 1,630 endemic species in China [1][3] Group 1: Protection and Conservation Efforts - A three-tier protection network ("Library - Nursery - Point") has been established, including 4 provincial-level germplasm resource banks, 12 specialized nurseries, and 16 district-level protection points, enhancing the conservation of rare and valuable local varieties [1][2] - Significant progress has been made in the collection and preservation of various germplasm resources, including rare plants like the Three Gorges red cedar and local breeds such as the Fuling black pig, with a digital platform for intelligent management of the germplasm resources established [1][2] Group 2: Technological Empowerment and Industry Development - The development of high-quality varieties suitable for mountainous agriculture has begun, with "Three Gorges Glutinous Rice No. 1" covering an area of 8.93 million acres and the "Zigui Navel Orange" variety significantly increasing per-acre income [2] - Multiple industry-academia-research cooperation platforms have been established, creating geographical indication product brands that promote a virtuous cycle of resource protection and economic benefits for farmers [2] Group 3: Challenges and Strategic Recommendations - The article highlights the increasing international competition for biological resources, posing new challenges to China's germplasm resource security, necessitating enhanced biosecurity governance and prevention of invasive species [3][4] - Recommendations include strengthening strategic layouts for resource protection, optimizing the three-tier protection network, and establishing a monitoring and early warning system for dynamic resource management [3][4] Group 4: Innovation and Sustainable Development - The establishment of a Three Gorges germplasm resource innovation platform is proposed to address key technological bottlenecks in resource identification, gene mining, and molecular breeding, aiming to enhance international competitiveness [4] - Collaborative protection mechanisms between Chongqing and Hubei are suggested to improve resource sharing and policy coordination, along with the implementation of differentiated compensation mechanisms linked to resource protection outcomes [4]