两位2025年诺贝尔经济学奖得主质疑特朗普关税政策

Core Points - The 2025 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences was awarded to Joel Mokyr, Philippe Aghion, and Peter Howitt for their contributions to understanding innovation-driven economic growth [2][3] - The prize is divided into two parts: half awarded to Mokyr for identifying prerequisites for sustained growth through technological advancement, and the other half jointly awarded to Aghion and Howitt for their theory on creative destruction as a means of achieving sustained growth [2][3] Group 1: Innovation and Economic Growth - The Nobel Committee highlighted that the world has experienced unprecedented sustained economic growth over the past two centuries, with the awardees clarifying how innovation serves as a source of economic growth and provides necessary momentum for sustainability [3] - Mokyr's research utilized historical data to reveal that technological advancements have historically occurred in short bursts, but the Industrial Revolution marked the first instance of continuous economic growth, driven by the Enlightenment's promotion of interaction between science and applied technology [4][6] Group 2: Creative Destruction Theory - Aghion and Howitt's theory describes the process of innovation and "business stealing," explaining how the long-term growth rate of the economy is determined by the competition between new and old technologies [6][7] - Their framework formalizes how entrepreneurs innovate and how their actions are influenced by regulatory environments, emphasizing that innovation can lead to the erosion of competitors' profits [6][7] Group 3: Implications of Current Economic Policies - The awarding of the prize coincides with significant fluctuations in trade policies, particularly under Trump's administration, which may hinder innovation by reducing market scale [7][8] - Aghion expressed concerns that trade wars and protectionist policies could obstruct open markets and innovation, emphasizing the importance of green industry innovation and curbing the rise of large tech monopolies for future growth [8]