美国长臂管辖制裁风暴再起：金诚石化成第4家受制裁中国炼厂

Core Viewpoint - The U.S. Treasury Department announced an intensified crackdown on Iranian oil and petrochemical exports, sanctioning over 50 individuals, entities, and vessels involved in facilitating these exports, which are crucial for the Iranian regime's revenue and support for terrorist organizations [2]. Group 1: Sanction Details - The sanctions against Jincheng Petrochemical were based on Executive Orders 13902 and 13846, which target significant transactions related to Iranian oil and petrochemical industries [4]. - The nature of the sanctions is secondary sanctions, allowing the U.S. to exert jurisdiction over non-U.S. entities engaging with Iran [5]. - Previous sanctions included Shandong Shouguang Luqing Petrochemical Co., Ltd. for transporting $500 million worth of Iranian crude oil, and Shandong Shengxing Chemical Co., Ltd. for purchasing over $1 billion of Iranian oil [7]. Group 2: Impact on Sanctioned Entities - Sanctioned entities will have their U.S. assets frozen, and any entity owned 50% or more by sanctioned individuals will also be frozen [8]. - The sanctions create a "suffocation effect" on financial and trade operations, cutting off access to U.S. dollar transactions and international banking services [8]. - The procurement and logistics costs for raw materials are expected to rise due to the disruption of Iranian oil imports and the need for more complex transportation methods [9]. Group 3: Compliance and Operational Challenges - Companies face increased compliance costs due to the need for thorough checks against the OFAC list, complicating international transactions [10]. - The shift to non-U.S. dollar transactions introduces liquidity and exchange rate risks, as companies may have to use currencies like RMB, dirhams, or rubles [10]. - There is currently no precedent for secondary sanctions affecting partners of sanctioned entities, but potential future expansions of sanctions remain a concern [11][12]. Group 4: Domestic Transaction Considerations - Domestic transactions within China that do not involve Iranian oil trade may not fall under U.S. sanctions, potentially isolating domestic companies from the impact of U.S. sanctions [14]. - The U.S. lacks enforcement mechanisms for transactions conducted entirely within China that do not involve U.S. entities or technology [14].