产量占全球近70%！中国是怎么打好稀土这张“牌”的？

Group 1 - The Ministry of Commerce of China announced export controls on certain overseas rare earth-related items containing Chinese components, effective immediately for some provisions and starting December 1 for others [1][8]. - Export applications for military purposes will generally not be permitted, and applications for items intended for the development and production of advanced semiconductor technologies will be subject to case-by-case approval [1][4][6]. - The new regulations require exporters to obtain dual-use item export licenses for specific items that contain Chinese components or utilize Chinese technology in their production [3][7]. Group 2 - Rare earth elements are critical in various high-tech and defense applications, with unique properties that make them indispensable in industries such as renewable energy and military technology [11][13][14]. - China holds approximately 40% of the world's rare earth reserves, with a production capacity that accounts for nearly 70% of global output in 2023, and dominates the refining and separation processes [15][16]. - The global rare earth market is projected to exceed $50 billion by 2025, driven by increasing demand in sectors like electric vehicles and renewable energy [18][19]. Group 3 - The U.S. and EU are seeking to diversify their rare earth supply chains due to heavy reliance on China, implementing measures to boost domestic production and recycling efforts [19][20]. - China's strategic control over rare earth resources is reinforced through export quotas and tariffs, positioning the country as a key player in the global supply chain [20][22]. - The future of the rare earth industry will depend on technological innovation and international collaboration, with China aiming to enhance its competitive edge in the global market [20][22].