Core Viewpoint - The Chinese banking industry has shown resilience and adaptability during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, focusing on high-quality development and transforming its operational strategies to enhance capital returns, asset quality, and operational efficiency [1][5][6]. Industry Overview - The total assets of China's banking financial institutions increased from 312.67 trillion yuan at the end of 2020 to 459.04 trillion yuan by July 2025, maintaining the top position globally [1]. - The banking sector has shifted from merely pursuing rapid growth in asset and liability scales to emphasizing capital returns and operational efficiency, with light capital and less cyclical intermediary businesses becoming new growth points [1][5]. Financial Performance - As of mid-2025, the total asset scale of the banking industry reached 467.34 trillion yuan, with a year-on-year growth rate of 7.91% [5]. - The average loan-to-asset ratio for listed banks increased to 57% by mid-2025, up by 1.5 percentage points since early 2021 [5]. - The banking sector has significantly increased its support for key areas such as technology, green finance, inclusive finance, and digital economy, with loans in these sectors accounting for approximately 70% of the total loan increment [5][6]. Asset Quality and Risk Management - The non-performing loan (NPL) ratio for commercial banks was 1.49% at mid-2025, the lowest in nearly a decade, while the provision coverage ratio reached 211.97%, an increase of 27.5 percentage points since early 2021 [7]. - The capital adequacy ratio, tier 1 capital adequacy ratio, and core tier 1 capital adequacy ratio were 15.58%, 12.46%, and 10.93%, respectively, showing improvements since early 2021 [7]. - The banking industry has increased its efforts in disposing of non-performing assets, with a more than 40% increase in asset disposal compared to the "13th Five-Year Plan" period [7][10]. Inclusive Finance Development - By mid-2025, the balance of inclusive loans for small and micro enterprises reached 36 trillion yuan, 2.36 times that of the end of the "13th Five-Year Plan," with an annual growth rate of about 20% [8]. - Large commercial banks played a significant role in this area, with their inclusive loans reaching 16.23 trillion yuan, 3.36 times that of the end of the "13th Five-Year Plan," and an annual growth rate of approximately 30% [8][9]. Reform and Risk Mitigation - The reform and risk mitigation efforts for small and medium-sized financial institutions have shown significant results, with the number of high-risk institutions decreasing substantially [10][11]. - The Jiangsu rural credit system reform serves as an example, achieving a total asset scale of 5.04 trillion yuan and a reduction in the NPL ratio from 1.68% to 1.21% [11][12]. - The overall asset quality of small and medium-sized financial institutions has improved, with urban commercial banks reporting an NPL ratio of 1.78%, a decrease from the previous year [12].
“十四五”银行业发展：服务实体能力跃升，改革化险成效突出