稀土往事：第五次反围剿为什么失利？中央苏区是最大稀土产区

Core Viewpoint - China's recent strengthening of export controls on rare earths highlights its significant position in the global market for these materials, a status that dates back to the Republic of China era when it accounted for over 90% of global production [1]. Historical Context - During the Republic of China, the main production areas for rare earths were in Jiangxi and Guangxi, with Jiangxi's primary production zone located in the Gan Nan region, which was part of the central Soviet area at the time [3]. - China was limited in its exportable products, primarily exporting tungsten ore, rare earths, pig bristles, and tung oil, controlling over 90% of tungsten ore exports, making it a key supplier for countries seeking these resources between World War I and World War II [3]. - Germany was a significant partner for the Nationalist government, seeking to collaborate on military equipment production due to restrictions imposed on its domestic production after World War I [3]. Economic and Military Cooperation - The collaboration between Germany and the Nationalist government included a comprehensive industrial plan to establish numerous factories in southern China, aiming to transform Hunan into an industrial hub akin to Bavaria [5]. - This cooperation was contingent on China's stable supply of tungsten, leading to close economic and military ties, including military advisory roles and the establishment of German-trained military units [5]. - The Central Soviet area controlled the main tungsten production zones but lacked external cooperation opportunities and smelting capabilities, leading to clandestine exports through Guangdong [5][7]. Impact of Historical Events - The Nationalist government's control over the Gan Nan region allowed for stable tungsten exports, which were crucial for financing during the war [7]. - The outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War disrupted planned industrial exports from Germany to China, significantly impacting the Nationalist government's resources [7]. - High-ranking officials and military leaders from the Nationalist government had positive impressions of Germany, contrasting with their later experiences with American demands during the war [9].