美联储最新调查：关税政策推动全美物价普涨

Core Insights - The latest regional economic survey by the Federal Reserve indicates ongoing inflationary pressures across the U.S., primarily driven by import tariff policies [1][2] - The survey highlights a cautious outlook on economic prospects, with uncertainty factors potentially suppressing economic activity [1][2] Group 1: Inflation and Costs - Import costs and service fees, including technical services and health insurance, have risen across most regions, with some manufacturing and retail businesses passing these costs onto consumers [1] - The trade-weighted average tariff rate on U.S. products has increased significantly from 2.44% at the beginning of the year to 17.9% by mid-September [1] Group 2: Labor Market Dynamics - The labor market is experiencing a dual challenge: weak demand for labor across various sectors due to economic uncertainty and increased automation, alongside labor shortages in labor-intensive industries like hospitality, agriculture, and construction due to immigration policy changes [1][2] - Companies are resorting to layoffs and natural attrition to manage workforce sizes in response to the unclear economic outlook and the rise of artificial intelligence [1] Group 3: Policy Implications - The findings from this survey will inform the Federal Reserve's upcoming monetary policy decisions, emphasizing the need for a delicate balance between controlling inflation and sustaining economic growth amid protectionist policies and structural labor market challenges [2]