蔡昉：破除城乡二元结构应在“十五五”规划中高度优先

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of breaking the urban-rural dual structure in China as a crucial task for achieving modernization and equitable resource distribution, particularly during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period [1][7][8]. Group 1: Urban-Rural Dual Structure - The urban-rural dual structure in China is primarily caused by a public service supply system that treats residents differently based on their household registration status, leading to significant disparities in employment opportunities, living conditions, and access to public goods [5][6]. - There exists a substantial productivity gap between agricultural and non-agricultural sectors, which further divides laborers and residents between urban and rural areas [5][6]. - The dual structure reinforces itself, resulting in insufficient social mobility and hindering the transition of labor from rural to urban areas, as many rural workers return home after seeking employment in cities [6]. Group 2: Policy Implications - The "14th Five-Year Plan" is seen as a critical period for addressing the urban-rural dual structure, with 2026-2030 being particularly pivotal for achieving this goal [7][8]. - The plan should reflect the main objectives and key requirements for breaking the dual structure, ensuring that it is prioritized in policy formulation and implementation [8][9]. - The need for comprehensive reforms to promote balanced urban-rural development and equitable resource allocation is highlighted, aligning with the directives from the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China [8][9]. Group 3: Implementation Strategies - Achieving the ambitious goals of breaking the urban-rural dual structure requires innovative approaches and the mobilization of various societal stakeholders, similar to the efforts made in poverty alleviation [10]. - Top-level design is necessary to share the costs and benefits of reforms, particularly regarding the household registration system, which has been a significant barrier to progress [10][11]. - The integration of artificial intelligence and technology is proposed as a means to enhance agricultural development and facilitate the necessary reforms [11].