3 6 Ke·2025-10-17 00:41Core Insights - Google and Yale University scientists have jointly released a large model called Cell2Sentence-Scale 27B (C2S-Scale), which proposes a new hypothesis regarding cancer cell behavior and has been validated through multiple in vitro experiments, showcasing the potential of AI models to generate original scientific hypotheses and open new avenues for cancer treatment [1][10] Model Overview - C2S-Scale is a foundational model with 27 billion parameters designed to understand the "language" of individual cells [3] - The model is built on Google's open-source Gemma model and trained on over 1 billion tokens of transcriptomic data, biological literature, and metadata, enabling it to analyze cell behavior across dimensions [1][4] Research Findings - The research team is advancing AI's role in generating scientific predictions in other immunological contexts, which could accelerate the development of new cancer therapies [1] - C2S-Scale has demonstrated that larger biological models can yield new reasoning capabilities, not just enhance existing abilities, thus revealing unknown patterns [4] Drug Discovery Process - Researchers conducted simulations on over 4,000 drugs in two environments: immune-context-positive and immune-context-neutral, to identify drugs that enhance antigen presentation specifically in immune-active conditions [5][6] - Approximately 10%–30% of the drugs had been previously reported, validating the model's credibility, while the remaining candidates represented novel findings [5][6] Key Discoveries - The model identified the kinase CK2 inhibitor silmitasertib (CX-4945) as having a significant "environmental differentiation effect," enhancing antigen presentation only in immune-active environments [7] - Subsequent experiments confirmed that combining silmitasertib with low-dose interferon significantly increased antigen presentation by approximately 50% [8] Implications for Cancer Treatment - The findings suggest a new potential pathway for making tumors more recognizable to the immune system, providing hope for immunotherapy advancements [10] - The C2S-Scale model's predictions have been validated through computer simulations and multiple in vitro experiments, indicating a reliable basis for new therapeutic approaches [9][10] Future Directions - The research is still in its early stages, but the results provide empirical evidence for developing new combination therapies and signal a new paradigm in biological discovery driven by large models [10] - The C2S-Scale model and its resources are now fully accessible on Hugging Face and GitHub, inviting further exploration and collaboration [10][12][13]