贝特利IPO：现金净流出1.76亿，毛利率不足2%的银粉生意能否持续？

Core Viewpoint - Beteli's IPO application has been accepted, aiming to raise 793 million yuan for special conductive materials and expansion projects, despite significant growth in revenue and net profit, underlying risks remain unrecognized by the market [1][2]. Financial Performance - Revenue increased from 635 million yuan in 2022 to 2.521 billion yuan in 2024, while net profit rose from 16.53 million yuan to 97.50 million yuan [1][2]. - Silver powder business saw revenue surge from 60 million yuan in 2022 to 1.682 billion yuan in 2024, constituting 66.79% of main business income [2][4]. Business Structure and Risks - The company's reliance on silver powder has increased significantly, with low gross margins of 1.75% and 1.82% in 2023 and 2024 respectively, indicating vulnerability [4][5]. - The share of high-margin organic silicon materials has decreased from 57.86% to 19.68%, leading to a halving of overall gross margin from 20.32% to 10.92% [4][6]. Customer and Supplier Concentration - Customer concentration risk is notable, with the top five customers accounting for 72.25% and 68.32% of sales in 2023 and 2024, respectively [7][8]. - Major customers are also competitors in the conductive paste market, creating potential instability in long-term partnerships [9]. - Supplier concentration is high, with over 93% of purchases from the top five precious metal suppliers, limiting bargaining power [9][11]. Cash Flow Issues - Despite profit growth, operating cash flow has deteriorated, with net cash outflows of 37.51 million yuan in 2023 and 164 million yuan in 2024 [12][14]. - Accounts receivable and inventory have risen significantly, indicating potential liquidity issues [14][15]. Technological Risks - The silver powder business faces risks from technological advancements in the photovoltaic industry, particularly the shift towards copper plating processes that may replace silver [18][26]. - Sales volume of silver powder decreased by 11.99% in 2024, contrasting with competitors' growth [18][19]. Governance and Human Resources - The ownership structure raises concerns, with the controlling shareholder holding 37.26% and a special agreement affecting decision-making [20][22]. - Employee education levels are low, with 58.29% holding only a diploma or lower, which may impact innovation capabilities [23][24]. Regulatory Scrutiny - Regulatory inquiries focus on industry growth potential, competitive landscape, and the company's ability to sustain profitability, indicating concerns about future performance [27][28].