工行行长刘珺：深化熊彼特理论认知，以“破立平衡”激活市场韧性

Group 1 - The core idea presented by Liu Jun at the 2025 Sustainable Global Leaders Conference emphasizes that true market vitality arises from a dynamic balance between creation and destruction, rather than mere market expansion [1] - Liu Jun interprets sustainability as a system's ability to self-evolve and maintain dynamic balance, advocating for a positive cycle of "breaking" and "establishing" to achieve long-term stability and prosperity in economic and social development [1][3] Group 2 - The concept of "creative destruction," introduced by economist Joseph Schumpeter, highlights that capitalism achieves economic structure through innovation competition rather than price competition, underscoring the role of innovation in replacing old technologies and production systems [2] - The recent announcement of the 2025 Nobel Prize in Economics awarded to Joel Mokyr, Philippe Aghion, and Peter Howitt reflects a significant revival of Schumpeter's ideas, recognizing their contributions to understanding how innovation drives economic growth [2] Group 3 - Liu Jun suggests that in the digital age, the "creation" aspect of creative destruction should encompass the cultivation of new ecosystems, models, and industries, as evidenced by the growth in the number of new companies and job creation [3] - The "destruction" aspect should highlight the transformative and disruptive power of innovation, which is directly reflected in the number and proportion of bankrupt companies [3] Group 4 - Liu Jun emphasizes that the balance between "breaking" and "establishing" is not static; when outdated production forces hinder social progress, "breaking" becomes a rational choice to prevent greater sunk costs and serves as a fundamental driver of paradigm shifts [4] - He argues that true sustainability is not about static continuation but rather about orderly rebirth, achieved through continuous creation, clearing out, and regeneration cycles [4] - Liu Jun calls for collective participation in the sustainable development process, where every participant is both a stakeholder and an actor, fostering a shared understanding of a sustainable future [4]