读懂学科专业调整的内在逻辑（教育时评）

Core Viewpoint - The adjustment of academic disciplines and majors in higher education is a response to the rapid evolution of technology and the changing needs of the economy, aiming to optimize educational resources and enhance talent cultivation [1][2]. Group 1: Changes in Academic Disciplines - In 2023, China has supported the establishment of 1,064 doctoral programs, 2,258 master's programs, 3,715 undergraduate programs, and 12,000 vocational programs, indicating a significant restructuring in higher education [1]. - The adjustments reflect a necessary evolution of knowledge, driven by breakthroughs in fields such as artificial intelligence, life sciences, and new energy, which require updates in curriculum and teaching methods [1]. Group 2: Strategic Alignment with National Development - Higher education must proactively align with national development strategies by enhancing foundational, emerging, and interdisciplinary disciplines to cultivate innovative talent [1][2]. - The recent issuance of the "Action Plan for the Adjustment and Optimization of Academic Disciplines and Majors in Higher Education (2025-2027)" indicates a move towards a more regularized and refined approach to academic adjustments [3]. Group 3: Balancing Key Relationships in Discipline Optimization - The establishment and removal of academic programs should not solely rely on popularity or short-term employment rates; foundational disciplines are crucial for long-term research innovation [3]. - Institutions must recognize their unique responsibilities and advantages to avoid homogenization and promote distinctive development [3]. - The successful implementation of new programs requires a comprehensive evaluation of institutional capabilities, including faculty quality and curriculum development, to avoid superficial changes [3]. Group 4: Implications for Students and Parents - Students and parents should not overly worry about choosing a major, as it represents a broader perspective on understanding the world and personal growth [4]. - A healthy academic system can provide diverse growth paths for students with varying talents, ensuring that each individual's aspirations can take root and flourish [4].