聚变能技术从科研向工程实践和应用迈进 “人造太阳”加速商业化意味着什么（瞰前沿·大国重器）

Core Insights - The commercialization of fusion energy is a hot topic at the recent ministerial meeting and the 30th International Conference on Fusion Energy held in Chengdu, China, highlighting the acceleration of fusion technology from research to engineering and commercial applications [1][2] Group 1: Technological Advancements - China's fusion research facilities are transitioning from experimental tools to industrial hubs, providing a solid hardware foundation for engineering and commercialization breakthroughs [2] - The "Chinese Tokamak" (HL-3) achieved significant milestones, including reaching atomic temperatures of 117 million degrees Celsius and electron temperatures of 160 million degrees Celsius, marking a leap in fusion parameters [2] - The "East" (EAST) facility set a world record by maintaining a plasma state of 1 million degrees Celsius for 1066 seconds, showcasing over 200 core technologies developed independently [3] Group 2: Industry Participation - Private enterprises are making strides in advanced fusion configurations, with New Hope Group's "Xuanlong-50U" achieving significant breakthroughs in plasma current and magnetic field performance [4] - Start-up Energy Singularity successfully developed a high-temperature superconducting magnet, achieving a peak magnetic field strength of 21.7 Tesla, aimed at next-generation Tokamak devices [4] Group 3: Global Trends and Investments - The global landscape for fusion energy commercialization is accelerating, with nearly 40 countries advancing fusion plans and over 160 fusion devices in operation, under construction, or planned, with private investments exceeding $10 billion [5][6] - Italy and the U.S. are implementing policies to enhance nuclear energy and fusion research, with significant funding allocated for various projects [6] Group 4: Challenges Ahead - Despite significant progress, the commercialization of fusion energy faces multiple challenges, including technological hurdles related to plasma stability, material durability, and fuel sustainability [7] - The industry ecosystem must address supply chain maturity, economic viability, investment sustainability, and regulatory adaptability [7] Group 5: Policy and Ecosystem Development - China is building an ecosystem to support the engineering and industrialization of fusion energy through policy guidance, international cooperation, and innovative mechanisms [8] - Various local governments are implementing supportive policies to foster fusion energy industry clusters, such as in Anhui and Sichuan [8] Group 6: International Collaboration - China is a key partner in the ITER project, successfully completing the design and manufacturing of critical components, contributing to global fusion engineering [9] - The establishment of the Controlled Fusion Innovation Alliance, which includes 38 members from various sectors, aims to integrate research and market advantages [9] Group 7: Future Outlook - The vision for fusion energy is to provide abundant, clean energy, with expectations for significant advancements in experimental and commercial fusion technologies by 2030 and beyond [10]