美国特别港务费生效，可惜算计出错，中国对等反制，美造船业要完

Core Viewpoint - The implementation of the "special port fee" by the U.S. aims to increase costs for Chinese shipping companies, thereby supporting the struggling U.S. shipbuilding industry and enhancing the competitiveness of U.S. products. However, this strategy may not yield the intended results [1][4]. Group 1: U.S. Special Port Fee - The U.S. has introduced a fee of $50 per ton for Chinese-operated ships docking at U.S. ports, which will increase annually [1]. - The ultimate burden of this fee will fall on U.S. importers and retailers, leading to increased costs for American consumers rather than affecting Chinese goods' demand [1]. Group 2: China's Response - In retaliation, China has imposed a fee of 400 RMB per ton on U.S. ships or those with over 25% U.S. ownership docking at Chinese ports, which will rise to 1120 RMB in the coming years [1]. - The small market share of U.S. ships globally means that they can be easily replaced by vessels from other countries, diminishing their competitiveness in the Chinese market [2]. Group 3: U.S. Shipbuilding Industry - The U.S. shipbuilding industry is overestimated in its ability to compete, as its costs are 2 to 3 times higher than those in China, with longer delivery times [4]. - The additional port fees are unlikely to incentivize shipowners to switch to more expensive U.S. vessels due to China's comprehensive industrial chain and cost advantages [4]. Group 4: Global Shipping Dynamics - The dispute over port fees reflects the U.S. attempt to leverage market forces to alter the global shipping landscape, while China has evolved from being merely the "world's factory" to a significant consumer market [5]. - The outcome of this conflict suggests that the U.S. may not successfully revitalize its shipbuilding industry and could face increased domestic cost pressures, while China's countermeasures may have lasting impacts on global capital and industry flows [5].