“进一步退两步”，特朗普制造业回流目标正在被自身关税和移民政策绊倒

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the contradictions in the Trump administration's manufacturing repatriation policies, highlighting how tariffs and immigration policies are counterproductive to the goal of bringing manufacturing jobs back to the U.S. [1][2][4] Group 1: Policy Contradictions - Tariffs have increased the costs of raw materials and imported equipment for U.S. manufacturers, making it harder for them to expand [1][7] - New immigration policies may reduce the supply of skilled labor, exacerbating the shortage of workers in the manufacturing sector [1][10] - The administration's budget cuts threaten the subsidies necessary for companies to repatriate jobs, leading to an unstable subsidy environment [1][14] Group 2: Business Reactions - Business leaders express frustration over the lack of clarity in the "America First" policies, making it difficult for them to plan investments [1][7] - Companies like Ford have reported significant cost pressures due to tariffs, which hinder their ability to invest more in the U.S. [7][8] - The uncertainty surrounding tariffs and their potential continuation after the Trump administration creates a paralysis effect, preventing companies from approving repatriation projects [6][7] Group 3: Labor Market Challenges - There are currently over 400,000 manufacturing job vacancies in the U.S., particularly in high-tech fields like semiconductors and robotics [9] - New immigration policies, including increased fees for H-1B visas, may further complicate the ability of companies to hire skilled foreign workers [10][13] - Industry groups warn that the changes in immigration policy could undermine the talent pipeline necessary for rebuilding the manufacturing sector [12][13] Group 4: Funding and Investment Issues - The Trump administration has touted trillions in investment commitments from companies, but internal budget cuts have created uncertainty regarding subsidies that could stimulate further investment [5][14] - The White House has ordered a review of federal funding and loans, injecting additional uncertainty into the investment landscape [14] - The lack of a coherent strategy for funding and tariffs leaves companies confused about how to proceed with their manufacturing plans [14]