稀土卡脖子！中国一纸审批，ASML光刻机50公斤稀土断供？

Core Insights - The Chinese semiconductor industry is strengthening its foundation by focusing on the basic "nutrient" aspects of the supply chain rather than relying solely on a single technological breakthrough [2] - A recent announcement from the Ministry of Commerce requires approval for the export of products containing 0.1% or more of Chinese rare earth elements, directly impacting semiconductor equipment giants like ASML and Applied Materials [2] - The domestic production of key materials, such as EUV photoresists, is increasing, with the localization rate surpassing 30% for critical photoresists [4] Resource Management - The new policy on rare earth exports is a strategic move to control resources essential for semiconductor manufacturing, particularly for equipment that relies heavily on rare earth elements [2] - The establishment of a domestic EUV photoresist R&D platform in Wuxi aims to break the monopoly of foreign companies in the high-end photoresist market [4] Technological Breakthroughs - The industry is not only focusing on acquiring EUV lithography machines but is also exploring differentiated process paths, such as New Kylin's "non-lithographic compensation" strategy, which maximizes the performance of existing DUV lithography machines [7] - New Kylin's approach involves a complex process cycle to compensate for precision gaps, demonstrating a significant shift in manufacturing strategy [7] Process Integration - New Kylin has standardized high-difficulty operations, resulting in a series of equipment that supports the entire manufacturing process, achieving an 85% yield rate for 5nm logic chips in collaboration with SMIC [9] - This breakthrough indicates that the Chinese semiconductor industry can develop new pathways for advanced processes without relying on external equipment [9] Design Tools Development - The launch of EDA software by New Kylin's subsidiary, Qiyunfang, marks a significant step in breaking international monopolies in design tools, enhancing operational efficiency by 30% and reducing hardware development cycles by 40% [11] - The integration of this EDA software with domestic operating systems and databases facilitates a seamless design-manufacturing connection [13] Ecosystem Resilience - The Chinese semiconductor ecosystem is evolving into a robust structure, with rare earths and materials forming the soil, non-lithographic processes as the main trunk, and design tools as the branches [15] - This interconnected ecosystem allows for sustained vitality even in the face of localized disruptions, positioning China to redefine the competitive landscape in the global semiconductor industry [15]