独家丨曝硅谷富豪用基因手段“定制婴儿”，科学界称正引发一场伦理混乱

Core Insights - The article discusses the emerging field of preimplantation genetic testing (PGT), particularly focusing on the ethical implications and potential societal impacts of using genetic screening to select embryos based on traits such as intelligence and appearance [3][4][7][8]. Group 1: Technology and Market Development - Preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) has evolved from traditional methods to more advanced techniques like PGT-P, which assesses multiple genetic variations to predict complex traits [5][6]. - Companies like Genomic Prediction and Orchid are leading the market, offering services that allow parents to evaluate embryos for various genetic conditions and traits, with prices ranging from $2,500 to $8,999 [14][19]. - New entrants like Nucleus Genomics and Herasight are emerging, focusing on more controversial aspects of genetic testing, including intelligence [6][19][24]. Group 2: Ethical and Societal Concerns - Genetic testing for traits raises ethical questions, with critics arguing it revives eugenics ideologies and could lead to societal inequalities [7][8][29]. - The medical community expresses caution regarding the validity and implications of using polygenic risk scores for embryo selection, emphasizing the need for more clinical research [7][29]. - The debate over nature versus nurture is reignited, with some experts warning that attributing human traits solely to genetics could undermine efforts to address social inequalities [8][29]. Group 3: Public Perception and Regulatory Landscape - Public opinion on genetic testing varies, with a majority supporting health-related screenings but showing mixed feelings about testing for traits like intelligence [15][16]. - Regulatory frameworks differ globally, with some countries imposing strict regulations or outright bans on intelligence testing in embryos [16]. - The rise of genetic testing technologies has sparked discussions about the moral implications of "designer babies" and the potential for a new form of social stratification based on genetic traits [27][30].