硅谷掀起定制“完美婴儿”竞赛：一触即发的伦理困境

Core Insights - The rapid advancement of gene sequencing technology has led to the emergence of preimplantation genetic testing for polygenic risk (PGT-P), which claims to predict various traits of embryos, including intelligence and appearance [1][2] - This technology has attracted significant investment from Silicon Valley elites, raising ethical concerns about the potential revival of eugenics and the implications for social inequality [1][7] Group 1: Technology and Market Dynamics - PGT-P is an evolution of earlier genetic testing methods, allowing for the prediction of complex traits influenced by multiple genes, rather than just single-gene disorders [4][10] - The commercialization of PGT-P began in 2019 with companies like Genomic Prediction offering services to assess the risk of complex diseases for embryos, with prices starting around $3,500 [10][11] - New entrants like Orchid and Nucleus Genomics are pushing the boundaries of this market, with Nucleus offering extensive trait selection options, including intelligence and physical characteristics [21][22] Group 2: Scientific Limitations and Ethical Concerns - Critics highlight the limitations of polygenic risk scores, noting that they often lack clinical validation and are primarily based on data from European populations, making them less reliable for diverse ethnic groups [6][24] - The ethical implications of using genetic testing for non-disease traits, particularly intelligence, have sparked intense debate, with public opinion divided on the acceptability of such practices [12][18] - The resurgence of eugenics-related ideologies in the context of genetic selection raises concerns about reinforcing social inequalities and the moral responsibilities of parents and society [7][24] Group 3: Public Perception and Future Implications - A 2024 bioethics survey revealed significant public division regarding PGT-P, with strong support for disease screening but skepticism towards traits like intelligence and appearance [12][18] - The ongoing discourse around genetic determinism and its potential societal impacts suggests a need for careful consideration of the ethical frameworks guiding these technologies [25]