日本餐饮的“平成食代”，正是中国“西贝们”的镜与鉴

Group 1 - The core argument of the article is that the challenges faced by Chinese restaurant chains today mirror the historical experiences of Japan's dining industry during the Heisei era, suggesting that lessons can be learned from Japan's past [2][3][46] - The Japanese economy entered the Heisei era in 1989 with a GDP growth rate of 5.4%, but this was followed by a prolonged period of stagnation and economic challenges [4][5] - The Japanese dining industry, despite facing economic downturns, managed to maintain a stable food consumption ratio, indicating that food remains a fundamental need even in tough times [6][8] Group 2 - The article discusses the transformation of the Japanese dining industry post-bubble, highlighting a 20% decrease in average dining prices over two decades and a shift towards convenience foods [9][11] - The supply side of the industry saw a significant decline in the number of restaurants, dropping from 1.55 million to around 1.4 million, despite only a slight decrease in demand [18][20] - The concept of "impossible triangle" in the dining industry is introduced, where high pricing, chain expansion, and quality cannot coexist, leading to a choice between scale and premium pricing [35][44] Group 3 - The article contrasts the strategies of two Japanese restaurant chains, Watami and Izakaya, illustrating how one failed due to high pricing while the other succeeded by maintaining low prices and high volume [36][39] - It emphasizes that successful restaurant chains in Japan often focus on standardization and pre-prepared meals, which allows for scalability and capital investment [32][29] - The article concludes that the Japanese dining industry has diverged into two paths: one pursuing capital scale through affordable options and the other focusing on high-end dining without seeking expansion [48][57]