ASML CEO：中国正尝试弃用光刻机，还可能掐住光刻机命脉

Core Viewpoint - ASML's CEO's remarks about China's potential abandonment of its lithography machines and possible rare earth countermeasures highlight the deep-seated contradictions in the global semiconductor supply chain amid the US-China tech rivalry [1][3][9] Group 1: ASML's Dependency and Market Dynamics - ASML has a significant dependency on the Chinese market, with China becoming its largest customer by Q3 2025, accounting for 42% of equipment delivery [3] - The reliance on ASML's technology is characterized by a passive nature, as Chinese companies face restrictions on accessing advanced chip manufacturing technologies due to US-led sanctions [3][5] - The ongoing technological blockade has forced China to pursue self-reliance in lithography technology, with companies like Shanghai Micro Electronics and North China Innovation making strides in this field [3][7] Group 2: Rare Earth Supply Chain and Strategic Responses - ASML's concerns regarding China's rare earth export controls reveal the interdependent nature of the global supply chain, where China's measures are seen as a response to unilateral sanctions [5][9] - Historically, China has provided stable rare earth supplies to global tech firms, including ASML, but the US's dual standards in technology sanctions and resource demands have disrupted this balance [5][9] - China's rare earth controls signal a commitment to maintaining fairness in the supply chain, indicating that the consequences of escalating technology blockades will affect all participants, including ASML [5][9] Group 3: Implications of US-China Tech Decoupling - ASML's anxiety reflects the broader repercussions of the US's tech decoupling strategy, which inadvertently encourages Chinese innovation and the emergence of domestic semiconductor firms [7][9] - The sanctions imposed by the US have led to the rise of Chinese semiconductor equipment companies, which are beginning to penetrate markets previously dominated by foreign firms [7][9] - The situation illustrates that attempts to isolate China may ultimately result in a loss of market share for foreign companies, as local firms develop differentiated technologies [7][9] Group 4: Future of the Semiconductor Industry - The ongoing struggle over lithography technology and rare earth resources transcends individual corporate interests, impacting the future trajectory of the global semiconductor industry [9][11] - China's push for self-reliance in semiconductor technology is not about severing global ties but rather about finding space for survival and growth amid restrictions [9][11] - A sustainable future for the global semiconductor industry hinges on open collaboration rather than closed confrontation, emphasizing the need for shared technological advancements and equitable negotiations [11]