中国管制稀土出口，针锋相对？外媒：美澳签署关键矿产协议

Core Viewpoint - China has tightened its export controls on rare earths and related technologies, prompting a strong reaction from the United States, including threats of additional tariffs [1][3]. Group 1: China's Export Controls - China has implemented stricter regulations on rare earth exports, including end-user controls to further standardize the export process [1]. - The recent policy changes have intensified the scrutiny of rare earth exports, which are critical for various industries [1]. Group 2: U.S. Response - The U.S. has reacted strongly to China's export restrictions, with President Biden threatening to impose an additional 100% tariff on Chinese goods [1]. - U.S. Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen expressed dissatisfaction with China's lack of prior notification regarding the export controls [1]. Group 3: U.S.-Australia Cooperation - The U.S. has been reliant on China for rare earth refining, as its domestic supply chain has weakened over the past decade [3]. - On October 20, the U.S. and Australia signed a critical minerals agreement to enhance cooperation in the rare earth supply chain [3]. - Australia possesses significant mineral resources, including rare earths, which the U.S. aims to leverage through this agreement [5][7]. Group 4: Strategic Importance of Minerals - The U.S. recognizes the strategic value of critical minerals and has been seeking to establish partnerships to secure these resources [5]. - The U.S. has previously engaged with Ukraine for mineral resources, indicating a broader strategy to control supply chains in the context of geopolitical tensions [5]. Group 5: Australia’s Position - Australia has shown strong support for U.S. initiatives, particularly in the Indo-Pacific strategy, and has taken a confrontational stance towards China [9]. - The partnership with the U.S. reflects Australia's commitment to align with American interests, despite its economic ties with China [9].