美国制造业回流梦碎？特朗普回迁政策遇冷，关税移民锁死人才通道

Core Viewpoint - The increasing push to bring manufacturing back to the U.S. is being driven by government policies aimed at reducing reliance on overseas supply chains, with significant commitments from companies like Stellantis and JPMorgan to invest in domestic manufacturing [1][3]. Group 1: Government Initiatives - The U.S. government is promoting a "Made in America" strategy, particularly in key sectors like automotive, semiconductors, and critical metals, to revitalize domestic manufacturing [1]. - Stellantis has pledged to invest $13 billion, while JPMorgan has announced a $1.5 trillion initiative, indicating a strong commitment to transforming the U.S. into a manufacturing powerhouse [3]. Group 2: Challenges Faced by Companies - Companies face significant obstacles when attempting to relocate manufacturing back to the U.S., including high tariffs on imported components, which increase production costs [8][10]. - The manufacturing sector is experiencing job losses, with 12,000 jobs cut in August 2025 alone, highlighting the difficulties in achieving a successful manufacturing rebound [11]. - There is a shortage of skilled labor, with over 400,000 manufacturing jobs unfilled, particularly in high-tech fields like semiconductors and robotics [13]. Group 3: Policy and Support Issues - Companies are uncertain about the stability and reliability of government support, as many promised subsidies and tax incentives have been retracted or delayed, leading to hesitance in making long-term investments [15]. - The lack of a clear path for implementing manufacturing return strategies, along with insufficient supportive policies, hampers the ability of companies to effectively plan and execute their projects [17]. Group 4: Overall Outlook - The return of manufacturing to the U.S. is contingent upon resolving issues related to labor availability, cost management, and stable policy support, as current conditions leave many companies in a state of uncertainty [19].