21评论丨消费驱动增长成效显著，仍需优化结构释放内需潜力

Core Insights - During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, China's economy demonstrated strong resilience amid complex domestic and international environments, with consumption becoming a key driver of GDP growth, contributing over 50% [2][3] - The contribution of final consumption expenditure to GDP growth has stabilized between 55% and 60%, significantly surpassing investment and net exports, marking it as the primary driving force of the economy [3] - The shift in consumer behavior from material consumption to service-oriented and experiential consumption is evident, indicating a transformation in the consumption structure [4][5] Consumption Trends - Retail sales of social consumer goods are projected to reach 48.8 trillion yuan in 2024, growing by 3.5% year-on-year, with service retail sales increasing by 6.2%, outpacing goods consumption [3] - The proportion of service consumption is rising, with significant increases in expenditures on education, healthcare, culture, and tourism [4] - Health and safety expenditures are becoming more prominent, with per capita healthcare spending increasing by 1.3% in 2024 [5] Consumer Behavior Changes - There is a notable rise in demand for intelligent and green consumption, with new energy vehicle production increasing by 38.7% in 2024 [5] - Consumers are increasingly focused on long-term value, with per capita service consumption accounting for 46.1% of total consumption in 2024 [5] - The shift from immediate satisfaction to long-term value reflects a growing pursuit of quality of life and personal development among consumers [5] Consumer Experience and Rights Protection - As consumption structures upgrade, consumers are demanding better experiences and protections, emphasizing transparency, fairness, and safety in transactions [6] - The demand for effective legal channels for rights protection and increased information transparency is rising, indicating a shift in consumer expectations [6] Future Consumption Strategies - The "15th Five-Year Plan" should focus on enhancing consumer confidence and addressing structural challenges, such as high savings rates and the need for improved purchasing power [7][8] - Policies should aim to solidify employment and income foundations, enhance social security, and optimize the consumption environment to stimulate demand [7][8] - The government is encouraged to support service consumption growth and improve supply-side capabilities in sectors like healthcare and elderly care [10] Economic Transformation - The transition from high savings to high consumption is essential for creating a virtuous cycle in the economy, with a focus on institutional reforms to eliminate barriers and enhance the quality of goods and services [11] - The goal is to convert savings potential into consumption momentum, thereby supporting long-term stable economic growth through robust domestic demand [11]