Core Insights - The global landscape of industrial subsidies is undergoing significant transformation, becoming a focal point of competition among major powers, particularly between the US and the EU, which are expanding domestic subsidies while imposing countervailing duties and even introducing "cross-border subsidy" taxes [3][21] - Understanding the role of industrial subsidies in promoting new productive forces and domestic industrial upgrades is crucial for optimizing national industrial policies and gaining strategic advantages in international rule-making [3][21] Theoretical and Practical Justifications for Industrial Subsidies - Industrial subsidies are justified as a means to correct market failures, incentivize innovation, and support emerging industries, particularly in sectors where social benefits exceed private returns [5][6] - Successful cases of industrial subsidies exist globally, demonstrating their effectiveness in altering technological trajectories and reshaping global industrial landscapes [8][9] International and Domestic Case Studies - The US has utilized industrial subsidies effectively, with significant investments in semiconductor and clean energy sectors, while the EU aims to double its semiconductor market share by 2030 [9][10] - In China, subsidies have played a pivotal role in the growth of the electric vehicle industry, with companies like BYD and CATL emerging as global leaders through comprehensive support policies [10][11] Challenges and Negative Impacts of Subsidy Competition - The intensifying "subsidy race" has detrimental effects on the multilateral trade system, undermining the WTO framework and leading to inefficiencies in global resource allocation [11][12] - The competition has resulted in overcapacity in certain sectors, such as semiconductors, due to redundant investments spurred by high subsidies [11][12] Recommendations for Optimizing Industrial Subsidy Policies - The focus of subsidies should shift from broad-based support to targeted investments in high-tech and strategically important sectors, such as AI and clean energy [13][14] - A more inclusive approach is needed to support traditional industries in their transition to digital and green technologies, ensuring that small and medium enterprises also benefit from subsidy policies [20][29] Enhancing Rule-Making Authority - China should enhance the compliance and transparency of its subsidy policies, aligning them with international trade rules while advocating for fair global subsidy regulations [17][26] - Active participation in the reconstruction of global subsidy rules is essential, promoting a balanced approach that considers the interests of developing nations [18][26]
特别策划丨荣晨：升级产业补贴政策体系 加快发展新质生产力
Sou Hu Cai Jing·2025-10-22 07:10