南苏丹艰难探索发展之路（第一现场）

Core Viewpoint - South Sudan, the world's youngest country, faces significant challenges despite some development in infrastructure and economy, with a high percentage of its population living in extreme poverty and ongoing political instability [3][6][9]. Infrastructure and Economic Development - Key infrastructure projects have been completed or are underway, including the modernization of Juba International Airport and the construction of the new Central Bank headquarters, which is set to be completed by July 8, 2024 [4]. - The African Development Bank predicts a gradual economic recovery for South Sudan, with a projected growth rate of 4% by 2025, contingent on increased oil exports and international support [5]. - The South Sudanese government has initiated a ten-year strategic development plan (2026-2036) aimed at enhancing self-development capabilities and promoting a stable and prosperous nation [5]. Poverty and Economic Challenges - Approximately 92% of South Sudan's population lives below the extreme poverty line, with many surviving on less than $2.15 per day [6][7]. - The country, rich in oil resources with proven reserves of 4.7 billion barrels, faces a "resource curse," as oil revenues account for nearly 90% of government income, yet there are no refineries and oil pipelines must traverse Sudan [6][7]. - Economic contraction of 5.8% was reported in 2023 due to declining oil exports and currency devaluation, with high inflation persisting [6]. Political Instability and Conflict - South Sudan's political landscape is marked by fragmentation and ongoing conflicts, with a significant increase in civilian casualties reported [8][9]. - The country has struggled with governance issues, ethnic conflicts, and a lack of national identity, which are seen as deep-rooted causes of its instability [9]. - International efforts, including proposals for a special judicial mechanism to promote reconciliation, have faced challenges due to persistent divisions among political factions [9].