美澳签署20亿关键矿产协议，能摇中国供应链地位，改写全球格局吗

Core Viewpoint - The recent agreement between the US and Australia to invest $2 billion each, totaling $4 billion, in critical mineral projects is a strategic move to reduce reliance on China for key mineral supplies, which are essential for high-end manufacturing and technology [1][3][5]. Group 1: Agreement Details - The agreement involves a total investment of $20 billion in critical mineral projects, covering the entire supply chain from exploration to processing [3]. - The US aims to find an alternative to China in the supply chain, as it currently relies on China for 98% of its rare earth oxide imports [5][11]. - Australia possesses significant mineral resources, including the world's largest lithium mine and the second-largest rare earth mine, making it a suitable partner for the US [5][7]. Group 2: Strategic Implications - The agreement highlights the US's intent to shift part of the mining and processing chain from China to Australia, with a focus on securing priority access to these resources through ownership stakes in processing facilities [8][10]. - The dual ownership model allows the US government to have a say in production, enhancing its control over the supply chain [10]. - Despite the agreement, challenges remain, including Australia's limited processing capacity compared to China's established dominance in the sector [11][15]. Group 3: Economic Context - Australia has significant economic ties with China, with a trade volume exceeding 250 billion AUD, making it cautious about fully aligning with US interests [11][13]. - The agreement reflects a shift in the dynamics of the US-Australia alliance, as Australia reassesses its reliance on the US amid concerns over American trade policies [13][15]. - The cooperation underscores the competitive nature of global supply chains, emphasizing the need for countries to secure critical technologies and resources to maintain their industrial advantages [16].