1929年10月24日，华尔街的黑色星期四：1290万股抛单如何引爆世界经济危机

Group 1 - The stock market crash on October 24, 1929, marked a significant turning point in financial history, with the New York Stock Exchange experiencing a record trading volume of 12.9 million shares [1] - Prior to the crash, the Dow Jones Industrial Average had surged by 500% over nine years, leading to rampant speculation and high leverage through margin trading, with customer loan balances reaching $15 billion, double the federal budget [3] - Major financial institutions attempted a rescue operation by pooling $240 million to stabilize the market, but this effort was largely ineffective as stock prices continued to plummet [4] Group 2 - The crisis had global repercussions, with wheat futures in Chicago dropping 40% and the London Stock Exchange's FTSE index falling 12%, highlighting the interconnectedness and fragility of the international financial system [6] - The aftermath of the crash led to the bankruptcy of over 9,000 banks in the U.S. and a surge in global unemployment to 30 million, marking the end of an economic era as noted by economist John Maynard Keynes [6] - The crisis prompted significant financial reforms, including the Glass-Steagall Act of 1933, which established the FDIC and separated commercial and investment banking, reshaping modern financial regulation [8]