俄罗斯遭遇重大打击！欧盟重拳出击，俄600艘“影子船只”遭查

Core Insights - The article discusses the recent seizure of a tanker by the French Navy, which is part of Russia's "shadow fleet" that evades sanctions by frequently changing flags and names [1][3] - The European Union (EU) is responding to the challenges posed by this shadow fleet by implementing stricter measures and seeking unified enforcement among member states [5][7] Group 1: Shadow Fleet Overview - The "shadow fleet" concept emerged in 2022 after the EU imposed an oil embargo on Russia, leading to the creation of a fleet that primarily consists of older vessels lacking proper insurance [3] - Approximately 70% of Russian crude oil exports in 2023 relied on this shadow fleet, undermining the effectiveness of the EU's oil embargo [3] Group 2: EU's Response and Measures - The EU has increased sanctions against Russian-affiliated tankers, adding 189 vessels to the sanctions list, bringing the total to 342 by May 2025 [5] - The shadow fleet's size is estimated to be between 600 and 1,400 vessels, prompting discussions among EU member states for a coordinated response rather than isolated actions [5][7] Group 3: Unified Enforcement and Flag States - A key proposal is for EU member states to sign a declaration allowing Brussels to negotiate "pre-authorization boarding inspection agreements" with flag states [7] - The EU is focusing on "flag of convenience" countries like Panama, Liberia, and the Marshall Islands, which have lax registration processes, to enhance compliance with sanctions [7][9] Group 4: Economic Implications - If the EU successfully restricts the shadow fleet's operations, it could significantly reduce Russia's energy revenue, increasing economic pressure on the country [9] - The EU must balance its sanctions with its own energy security and economic stability, as disruptions in the global oil market could exacerbate inflation and living costs within EU member states [9][11] Group 5: Internal EU Dynamics - Diverging interests among EU member states complicate the implementation of sanctions, with some countries cautious about escalating measures due to their economic ties with Russia [11] - The cooperation of "flag of convenience" countries will be crucial, as they seek to maintain their registration income while not alienating the EU [11]