Former Whole Foods CEO says he didn’t want to sell to Amazon, but activists threatened to take over his board, fire him, and sell the company anyway

Core Insights - The acquisition of Whole Foods by Amazon for $13.7 billion in 2017 was influenced by pressure from activist investors, specifically Jana Partners, who threatened to take control of the board and sell the company [1][2][4]. Group 1: Activist Investor Pressure - John Mackey, cofounder and former CEO of Whole Foods, revealed that he was pressured by Jana Partners, which had acquired an 8.8% stake in the company, to explore a sale [2][5]. - Jana Partners presented a confrontational ultimatum, indicating they would take over the board, fire Mackey and his executives, and sell the company to the highest bidder [4][6]. Group 2: Whole Foods' Operational Challenges - Whole Foods faced declining same-store sales for six consecutive quarters and was struggling with competition from conventional grocers offering organic products [6]. - The company's reputation for high prices, often referred to as "Whole Paycheck," contributed to its vulnerability to activist pressure, leading to a significant drop in stock price prior to Jana's involvement [6]. Group 3: Strategic Considerations - In response to the activist investors, Whole Foods' leadership considered various options, including a proxy battle, but recognized the need for time to improve operations and lower prices, which was not feasible under the pressure from hostile shareholders [7].