伯南克和耶伦公开唱反调，近50名经济学家敦促美最高法推翻特朗普关税

Core Viewpoint - Nearly 50 prominent economists, including two former Federal Reserve chairs, are urging the U.S. Supreme Court to overturn most of the global tariffs imposed by former President Trump, arguing that the tariffs are based on a misunderstanding of the global economy [1][3]. Group 1: Economists' Arguments - The economists' brief states that the trade deficit between the U.S. and other countries is a normal phenomenon and not an "extraordinary and unusual" threat as claimed by the Trump administration [1]. - They argue that tariffs will not bridge the trade deficit and could negatively impact the U.S. economy by trillions of dollars, affecting every household and state [1]. - The economists emphasize that imposing tariffs based on an unbalanced trade deficit is fundamentally flawed, citing that trade deficits can exist in certain sectors, such as the banana trade due to climate limitations [3]. Group 2: Legal Challenges - Small businesses, including Learning Resources, have filed briefs claiming that Trump's tariffs effectively constitute an illegal $3 trillion tax on Americans, to be distributed over the next decade [3][4]. - Another group of small businesses argues that Trump's tariffs contradict the original intent of Congress to control taxation, asserting that the President should not have unilateral power to impose tariffs based on declared national emergencies [4]. Group 3: Government's Position - The Trump administration maintains that the tariffs are necessary to correct what it describes as a "deadly trade deficit," framing the issue as a stark choice between being a wealthy or poor nation [5]. - The Supreme Court is set to determine whether Trump legally imposed tariffs under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA), which grants the President certain financial tools to address national security and economic emergencies [5]. - Previous court rulings have been unfavorable to Trump regarding these tariffs, and the administration has downplayed the potential impact of the lawsuits, suggesting that many tariffs could still be imposed through other legal avenues [5].