比芯片还“棘手”的行业！美日垄断90%中企花3800亿造不出山寨版

Core Insights - The Chinese manufacturing industry faces significant challenges in high-end scientific instruments, which are crucial for technological innovation, with over 90% of the global market dominated by US and Japanese companies [7][9] - Despite investing 380 billion yuan in research and development, the domestic production rate for high-end scientific instruments remains below 20%, with some sectors like mass spectrometry having less than 5% localization [7][9][15] Group 1: Market Overview - The global market for scientific instruments is primarily controlled by companies such as Thermo Fisher, Agilent, and Shimadzu, with China being the second-largest market but struggling with high import dependency [7][9] - In 2023, China imported scientific instruments worth 16.98 billion USD while exporting only 4.27 billion USD, resulting in a trade deficit exceeding 10 billion USD [7][9] - The import rate for analytical instruments is 83.67%, with mass spectrometers and chromatographs having over 85% of their market supplied by imports [7][9] Group 2: Challenges in Localization - The high precision and complexity of scientific instruments create significant barriers to domestic production, with Chinese companies facing difficulties in replicating the technology due to a lack of accumulated expertise [9][15] - The market for semiconductor testing equipment is projected to reach 12 billion USD in 2024, with domestic production increasing from 5% to 12%, but overall localization in scientific instruments remains low [9][15] Group 3: Government Initiatives - The Chinese government has outlined plans to enhance high-end instrument research and development, with significant funding allocated to support domestic innovation [11][13] - The 14th Five-Year Plan emphasizes the importance of localizing high-end scientific instruments, with various initiatives launched to support research and development [11][13] Group 4: Future Outlook - The scientific instrument market is expected to grow, with the mass spectrometry market projected to reach 16.7 billion USD in 2023, reflecting a growth rate of 19.53%, although foreign companies still dominate [15] - The government is providing tax incentives and funding to encourage mergers and acquisitions, but challenges remain due to the small scale of Chinese companies [15]