“加沙战争结束了，但和平还没到来”

Group 1: Current Situation in Gaza - The Israeli military conducted a drone strike in eastern Deir al-Balah, Gaza, resulting in the death of two Palestinians, shortly after a ceasefire agreement was reached [1] - The ceasefire agreement, mediated by the US, Qatar, and Egypt, was announced on October 9, but Israel quickly resumed bombing, citing violations by Hamas [1][4] - Volker Perthes, a senior researcher, stated that while the war has ended, peace remains distant, highlighting ongoing violations of the ceasefire [1][4] Group 2: Challenges to Peace Negotiations - Perthes believes that while the ceasefire can be maintained, it is susceptible to violations and new issues arising from the long-standing conflict [4] - Key obstacles to achieving lasting peace include the governance of Gaza, demilitarization of Hamas, and the withdrawal of Israeli forces [4][5] - The complexity of negotiations is compounded by the need for agreements on international security forces and the relationship between the Palestinian Authority and Gaza's administration [5] Group 3: Two-State Solution Perspective - Perthes asserts that the two-state solution remains the best approach for resolving the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, despite significant challenges [6][7] - He emphasizes that both Israelis and Palestinians desire self-determination and security, making the two-state solution the most viable path forward [6][7] - The lack of a comprehensive solution could lead to renewed violence, especially if Palestinians perceive a lack of political prospects [6][8] Group 4: Role of the United Nations - Perthes critiques the marginalization of the United Nations in global governance, particularly in peace and security matters, suggesting that reform is necessary for the UN to regain its effectiveness [2][8][10] - He notes that the current geopolitical landscape requires a reevaluation of the UN's structure, particularly the Security Council, which has not adapted to contemporary power dynamics [10][11] - The UN's three pillars—peace and security, human rights, and sustainable development—are under threat, necessitating a stronger commitment to multilateralism [11][12]