中美博弈再升级！稀土反制出手！美国从威胁到示好释放了什么信号

Core Viewpoint - The ongoing "rare earth war" between China and the United States has seen both sides engage in negotiations, with some progress on ordinary rare earth issues, but significant contention remains regarding military-use rare earths [1][9]. Group 1: Importance of Rare Earths - Rare earths, a collection of 17 rare metal elements, are crucial in modern industries, often referred to as "industrial vitamins" [1][3]. - They are essential in various applications, from smartphones and electric vehicles to advanced technologies like chips and military systems, with the F-35 stealth fighter requiring 417 kilograms of rare earths per unit [1][9]. Group 2: China's Rare Earth Industry Development - China's rare earth industry has evolved from being dominated by the U.S. in the mid-20th century to establishing a complete industrial chain and mastering core technologies [3][7]. - The industry faced challenges in the 1990s due to excessive competition and low prices, prompting regulatory changes to protect domestic resources [7][11]. Group 3: Recent Developments and Strategic Moves - On October 9, 2025, China announced export controls on certain rare earth products, requiring permits for products containing over 0.1% Chinese rare earth components, signaling a shift in global market dynamics [7][13]. - The U.S. heavily relies on China for its rare earth supply, with 87% of parts in over 80,000 U.S. weapon systems depending on Chinese processing [1][9]. Group 4: U.S.-China Strategic Competition - The strategic competition between the U.S. and China has intensified, with rare earths becoming a focal point in their ongoing trade disputes [11][15]. - The recent trade agreement in June 2023, which temporarily restored exports of certain rare earth elements from China to the U.S., highlights the critical role of rare earths in bilateral relations [13][15]. Group 5: Future Implications - China's export controls are not merely trade retaliation but part of a broader strategy to assert control over global supply chains and technology autonomy [15]. - The ongoing rare earth competition is expected to continue, with both nations needing dialogue to resolve differences and promote global economic stability [15].