21专访｜郑永年看“十五五”：以“中国人经济”拓展经济外延

Group 1 - The core objective of the 14th Five-Year Plan is to significantly enhance the level of technological self-reliance and strength, which is crucial for China's economic development amidst external challenges such as trade wars and the pandemic [3][4]. - The concept of "new quality productivity" has been introduced in the 15th Five-Year Plan, reflecting a shift in China's modernization strategy and emphasizing the need for greater breakthroughs in technology [4][5]. - The goal of achieving a per capita GDP of approximately $30,000 by 2035 requires substantial efforts, as current per capita GDP is over $13,400, indicating a significant gap to close [5][6]. Group 2 - The emphasis on maintaining a reasonable proportion of manufacturing is critical, as advanced manufacturing is seen as the backbone of a modern industrial system, which is essential for economic stability and growth [5][6]. - The development of the manufacturing sector is identified as a key step to enhance overall consumption levels, as economic growth and consumption are closely linked [6][7]. - The shift from "investing in things" to "investing in people" highlights a transformation in development strategy, focusing on human capital and its connection to technological innovation [7][8]. Group 3 - The concept of "Chinese people economy" emphasizes the importance of both domestic and international economic activities, suggesting that Chinese enterprises should engage globally while strengthening local economies [9]. - The integration of "Chinese people economy" into the broader economic strategy reflects a recognition of globalization and the need for Chinese businesses to expand their reach [9].