加沙战争结束了，但和平还没到来

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the articles is that while the recent ceasefire agreement between Israel and Hamas marks the end of the two-year Gaza war, lasting peace remains elusive, with ongoing violations of the ceasefire and significant challenges ahead [1][3][4] - The first phase of the ceasefire agreement was reached on October 9, 2023, with Hamas releasing all hostages and Israel freeing nearly 2,000 Palestinian prisoners, but subsequent violence has raised concerns about the stability of the ceasefire [3][4] - Volker Perthes, a senior researcher, emphasizes that achieving peace requires addressing numerous complex issues, including the governance of Gaza, demilitarization of Hamas, and the withdrawal of Israeli forces [3][4][5] Group 2 - The two-state solution is presented as the best approach to resolving the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, with both sides needing security and self-determination [4][6] - Perthes argues that alternatives to the two-state solution could lead to worse outcomes, such as ethnic cleansing or apartheid-like conditions, highlighting the necessity for a mutually acceptable resolution [6][7] - The ongoing conflict has resulted in over 67,000 Palestinian deaths and significant destruction in Gaza, underscoring the urgent need for effective international mediation [7][10] Group 3 - The United Nations has been criticized for being marginalized in peace and security efforts, with the current ceasefire being primarily driven by the United States and other regional players [8][9] - Perthes calls for reform within the UN to enhance its effectiveness in global governance, particularly in light of the changing geopolitical landscape [9][10] - The lack of consensus among the permanent members of the UN Security Council hampers the organization's ability to address contemporary global challenges effectively [9][10]