COP30六大看点：“行动”号角吹响，全球气候治理迎终考

Core Viewpoint - The COP30, taking place in the Amazon rainforest, aims to transform climate commitments into actionable results, focusing on ambitious climate action plans, funding commitments, and the initiation of a global carbon market to maintain the 1.5°C temperature control target [1][2]. Group 1: Key Highlights of COP30 - COP30 is seen as a critical moment for translating the "Baku Climate Solidarity Pact" from consensus to action, with a focus on three main areas: ensuring equitable and transparent financing, refining international carbon market rules, and encouraging countries to submit more ambitious Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) [3][4]. - The year 2025 marks a milestone for the Paris Agreement, requiring countries to submit new, more ambitious NDCs. Currently, only 62 countries have submitted their NDCs, representing about 32% of the total parties, indicating a significant gap in ambition and progress [5][6]. - Brazil proposes a voluntary alliance to connect existing carbon pricing systems, which could enhance liquidity and reduce transaction costs in the global carbon market, thus supporting countries in achieving their NDC targets [7][8]. Group 2: Funding and Financial Mechanisms - The annual climate funding target set at $300 billion falls short of the estimated $1.3 trillion needed by developing countries, highlighting a significant funding gap for climate action [9][11]. - Innovative financing mechanisms are necessary to mobilize private capital effectively, including the establishment of frameworks to track financing progress and the promotion of blended finance and green bonds [12]. - The COP30's focus on nature and biodiversity emphasizes the need for integrated policies that link climate action with biodiversity conservation, potentially creating unified financing mechanisms [13]. Group 3: China's Role in Global Climate Governance - China's new NDC aims for a 7%-10% reduction in net greenhouse gas emissions by 2035, showcasing its commitment to global climate leadership and sustainable development [14].