21专访｜邹骥：中国绿色转型最需弥合的差距是电力系统

Core Viewpoint - The global geopolitical landscape is undergoing significant changes, and as China concludes its 14th Five-Year Plan and prepares for the 15th, global climate governance is at a critical juncture, with the upcoming COP30 conference expected to inject new momentum into climate action [1] Group 1: China's Green Transition - The most pressing gap in China's green transition is in the electricity system, particularly the grid's capacity to absorb renewable energy [2] - China requires an average annual investment of approximately 6 trillion RMB (about 700 billion USD) over the next decade to support its green low-carbon transition [2][8] - The NDC target for China aims for a 7%-10% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2035, covering all greenhouse gases, with carbon dioxide being the primary focus [3][4] Group 2: Renewable Energy Challenges - The current capacity of China's grid to accommodate wind and solar power is less than 20%, indicating a significant challenge in integrating renewable energy sources [5] - The main obstacle to further renewable energy development is the difficulty in grid connection, which is characterized by stability issues and insufficient flexible resources [5] - Traditional grid structures need to adapt to increasing shares of non-inertia generation sources, requiring innovations in technology and market design [5] Group 3: Investment and Market Dynamics - Current annual investment in China's traditional power system ranges from 700 billion to 1 trillion RMB, with future investments needing to shift focus towards enhancing grid infrastructure and microgrid development [6] - Global clean energy investments are around 2 trillion USD annually, with China accounting for over one-third of this investment [7] - The anticipated investment demand from achieving the target of 3.6 billion kW of wind and solar capacity is projected to be between 4 trillion and 8 trillion RMB annually [8] Group 4: Global Climate Governance Challenges - The global climate governance landscape faces challenges due to changes in international order and governance dynamics, including reduced cooperation among major powers [9][10] - The diversification of governance actors is evident, with increased participation from private enterprises and international capital, moving beyond traditional government funding [10] - Countries, including China, must embrace new industrial revolution outcomes to effectively pursue green low-carbon transitions [10] Group 5: Circular Economy and CCUS - The inclusion of the circular economy in COP30 discussions is a positive signal for global climate governance, emphasizing resource efficiency and reduced carbon emissions [11] - CCUS technology is recognized as a key negative emissions technology, with current focus on renewable energy and energy efficiency technologies for immediate deployment [12]