外媒：稀土产业要追赶中国？西方要走的路还很远

Core Viewpoint - The United States is actively seeking to establish a rare earth supply chain alternative to China, as evidenced by recent agreements signed by President Trump with Australia and Japan, indicating a strategic shift in rare earth diplomacy [3][4]. Group 1: Agreements and Collaborations - President Trump signed a rare earth agreement with Australian Prime Minister Albanese and a cooperation framework with Japan, aiming to build a supply chain that can reduce reliance on China [3]. - Novion Magnetics, based in Texas, has commercialized rare earth permanent magnets after a decade of research and has recently partnered with Australian rare earth producer Lynas to explore mining sources for both light and heavy rare earths [3][4]. Group 2: Industry Challenges and Market Dynamics - Despite the potential increase in U.S. rare earth production by 2028, it is unlikely to significantly disrupt China's dominance, which currently accounts for over 90% of global refined rare earth production [3][4]. - The rare earth industry faces significant challenges, including the need for extensive processing and the long-term accumulation of expertise, which China has developed over decades [4][5]. Group 3: Economic Implications - The push for new rare earth production in the U.S. may lead to increased costs for consumers, as measures to support emerging industries could result in higher prices [5]. - Analysts suggest that due to China's technological advantages, low costs, and established supply chains, its leading position in the rare earth market is expected to persist [5].