美国与日本达成稀土和能源合作

Core Points - The recent agreements between the U.S. and Japan, as well as other countries, aim to reduce dependence on Chinese rare earth elements and establish a more secure supply chain for critical minerals [2][3][4] - China currently dominates the rare earth market, controlling approximately 40% of global rare earth reserves, nearly 70% of global production, and about 90% of processing capacity [3][4] - The establishment of a complete supply chain independent of China will take significant time and effort, as other countries lack the necessary technology and infrastructure [4][5] Group 1 - The U.S. and Japan signed a rare earth and energy cooperation agreement to reduce reliance on China [2] - The U.S. has also signed agreements with Australia, Thailand, Malaysia, and Cambodia to diversify the supply chain for critical minerals [2][3] - Benchmark Mineral Intelligence highlights that U.S. and allied manufacturers still heavily depend on Chinese rare earths, making it challenging to secure supply chains [4] Group 2 - The U.S. and Japan's discussions included collaboration on next-generation nuclear power, particularly focusing on small modular reactors [5] - The BWRX-300 design by GE Vernova and Hitachi is mentioned as a potential area of cooperation in nuclear energy [5]