马克龙：欧盟“忍无可忍”，中国再不卖稀土，或将启动“核选项”

Core Insights - The article discusses the significant geopolitical implications of rare earth elements, particularly focusing on the European Union's dependency on China for these critical materials [1][5][24] Group 1: Importance of Rare Earth Elements - Rare earth elements are essential for modern industries, playing a crucial role in products ranging from mobile phone vibration motors to wind turbines [3] - China dominates the global rare earth market, accounting for over 60% of production and leading in processing technology, with over 80% of the rare earth magnets needed for the EU's electric vehicle industry imported from China [5][6] Group 2: EU's Concerns and Legislative Response - The EU's anxiety stems from a projected threefold increase in demand for rare earth elements in the electric vehicle sector by 2030, while its own production capacity remains limited [8] - In response to these concerns, the EU has introduced the Anti-Coercion Instrument (ACI), which allows for investment restrictions and technology controls with a simple majority of member states' consent [10] Group 3: Diverging Perspectives on Trade Data - There is a discrepancy in how China and the EU interpret rare earth export data; while China emphasizes stable supply, the EU is concerned about declining trends in export volumes [12][14] Group 4: Geopolitical Context - The ongoing Ukraine crisis and heightened security concerns in Europe have intensified the EU's urgency to secure rare earth supplies, prompting discussions with China [16] - The U.S. has also played a role, with indications that China might delay new regulations, which has positively impacted U.S. rare earth stocks [18] Group 5: Strategic Responses - The EU is accelerating its "strategic autonomy" plan, proposing an investment of €24 billion to develop its rare earth industry, while Germany has approved €250 million for recycling technology research [20] - China is focusing on industrial upgrades and has introduced regulations to ensure stable supply and fair trade practices [22] Group 6: Conclusion on Cooperation - The rare earth situation reflects broader trends in global supply chain restructuring, highlighting the need for dialogue and cooperation between the EU and China to address mutual concerns [24][26]